Faith leaders in Zimbabwe set aside differences to fight cholera and polio

on April 8, 2024 in Cholera, News, Polio

“If we can convince people to partake in prayers, then surely we can convince them to change their mindsets regarding these diseases.”

MUTARE, Zimbabwe – A traditional healer since 1985, Casemore Darare is all too familiar with medicinal herbs. His services are highly sought after in his neighbourhood of Dora Dombo, a rural area on the outskirts of Mutare city.

But regarding cholera or polio, the 54-year-old has a robust solution: he encourages his community and faith members to strictly get vaccinated, maintain good hygiene, and seek modern medicines at the local clinic when symptoms show.

Casemore Darare, a traditional healer, addresses a meeting of interfaith leaders held in Mutare to discuss cholera mitigation measures

“That’s the most effective solution. There is nothing better, trust me,” he said to loud cheers from participants at a March meeting to develop community-led solutions to address the behavioural and social drivers of cholera and polio.

Darare, the provincial secretary of the Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association for Manicaland Province, speaks from experience.

A recent outbreak of cholera that struck him forced Darare to change his thinking about how best to tackle the disease.

After showing symptoms of cholera, Darare said he resorted to what he knew best – traditional medicine.

“I dug up all the herbs I thought could help and mixed some concoctions. I did all the spiritual things I thought would ease my condition. It only got worse,” he said.

Eventually, neighbours put him in a wheelbarrow and rushed him to the nearest clinic, where he received medication from nurses.

“I survived to tell the story. Many people who tried the traditional herbs and spiritual ways were not so fortunate,” said Darare, who enrolled in essential community health training after the ordeal.

Darare is still a traditional healer. But he has also taken up another task of becoming a community champion to encourage people to rely on modern medicines, safe water, sanitation, and hygiene practices to fight diseases such as cholera and polio.

He also encourages fellow traditional healers in his area to immediately refer cholera patients to a medical facility for treatment.

In March, Darare was among the interfaith leaders who gathered in Mutare city to collaborate on how best to fight cholera and polio.

Organised by Apostolic Women Empowerment Trust (AWET) and supported by UNICEF, the gathering brought together traditional healers, leaders of various Christian denominations, and the Muslim faith to collaborate and devise ways to use their influence to drive behaviour change.

Despite their different spiritual doctrines, they agreed on one overarching message of promoting the uptake of vaccines and other modern medicines and practices to combat cholera and polio.

“Cholera and polio do not discriminate. They affect all of us the same. So, we must work together to deliver the message to the people we lead. Some behaviours must change, and we should lead that campaign,” said Sheik Ishmail Duwa, president of the Supreme Council of Islamic Affairs in Zimbabwe.

The meeting timing was critical as the country grapples with the twin outbreaks of cholera and polio, often affecting poor sanitation and hygiene areas.

The meeting also came as Zimbabwe prepared to roll out a second round of mass polio vaccination of children aged ten years and below following a successful first round of polio vaccinations targeting 4.6 million children.

Leaders of apostolic sects present at the meeting pledged to campaign amongst their members to allow children to get vaccinated and for people to embrace modern medicines.

The desire among the interfaith leaders to work together was palpable during the meeting.

They sometimes broke into various small interfaith groups to discuss the causes of cholera and polio, the main drivers, such as open gatherings with no sanitation and hygiene and traditional funeral rites, and how best to address the situation.

Interfaith leaders recently in Mutare to discuss cholera mitigation measures

A Roman Catholic sister stood beside a female traditional healer and Muslim youth leader in one group. A Pentecostal pastor took notes on a flip chart as they engaged in rigorous debate to develop a common position.

Representatives of the groups then presented their findings to a plenary before drawing up a joint action plan that put vaccination, modern medicines and safe water, sanitation, and hygiene practices at the centre of the fight against cholera and polio.

“This kind of interfaith dialogue helps build trust. By learning from each other, we remove the barriers that stop us from collaborating. Cholera and polio don’t need us to follow the old ways of doing things; we must be dynamic and assist the authorities,” said Brian Nemakanga, a leader with the hugely popular Johanne Marange Mafararikwa apostolic sect.

Belinda Magida, a traditional healer, added, “Together, we can influence millions of people in all the hard-to-reach places where we have followers. If we can convince people to partake in prayers and believe in God, we can surely convince them to change their mindsets regarding these diseases. Let’s take the information to the people; let’s positively use our influence. It is a duty we owe to the nation as responsible leaders. Education is key, and knowledge is power.”

UNICEF and WHO, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Child Care and funded by the Government of Japan, the multi-donor Health Resilient Fund (comprising contributions from the UK Government, Irish Aid, European Union, and Gavi), and with implementation support from the Apostolic Women Empowerment Trust (AWET), are jointly spearheading diverse Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) initiatives to address multi-hazards, encompassing efforts against polio and cholera outbreaks.

SOURCE:: Unicef via link https://www.unicef.org/zimbabwe/stories/faith-leaders-zimbabwe-set-aside-differences-fight-cholera-and-polio

Zim Govt Calls for Vaccination of Children As Polio Resurfaces

on March 2, 2024 in News, Polio

Zimbabwean health authorities have urged parents to vaccinate their children against polio.

This comes after two healthy children tested positive for the virus in a routine environmental surveillance.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health and Child Care said that the children who are below five years old, did not show any signs or symptoms of polio.

In an interview, WHO Polio Eradication Initiative co-ordinator,Sadiq Umar said the two polio positive children could still infect others who are not immunized.

“This is evidence that we must do a campaign to make sure other children are not affected,” said Umar.

Umar said the environmental samples were taken from a sewer system near the children’s houses and tested positive for polio type 2, which was eradicated globally in 2015.

He said the virus was likely a result of vaccine-derived polio, which occurs when the weakened virus used in oral polio vaccines mutates and regains the ability to cause disease.

Umar emphasized the urgent need to launch a comprehensive vaccination campaign to protect other children from falling victim to vaccine-derived polio.

He stressed that if infected children come into contact with those who have low vaccine uptake or remain unvaccinated, there is a significant risk of paralysis development in the latter group.

According to WHO, approximately 90 per cent of children infected with polio will not display any signs or symptoms. Only 10 per cent will experience paralysis and other related symptoms.

However, even children who test positive for polio without exhibiting symptoms can reduce the shedding of the virus over time through natural processes and a robust immune response.

However, children with compromised immune systems due to conditions such as HIV, cancer, or malnutrition are at a higher risk of paralysis.

Furthermore, Umar stressed the essentiality of vaccinating even children already paralyzed by polio. He highlighted a specific case in Sanyati where a child was paralyzed by polio type 2.

“It is crucial to protect against other polio types as well. The child in question had only received one dose of the vaccine throughout their life, emphasising the ongoing need for vaccination,” he said.

Polio is an extremely infectious disease caused by a virus that invades the nervous system, potentially resulting in complete paralysis within a matter of hours.

The virus primarily spreads through person-to-person contact, often through contaminated water or food. Initial symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness of the neck, and pain in the limbs.

Approximately 1 in 200 infections lead to irreversible paralysis, with 5-10% of paralyzed individuals succumbing to the disease when their breathing muscles become immobilized.

Umar also said there is a polio vaccination campaign currently running in Zimbabwe, and urged the public to vaccinate their children.

“Vaccination is the only way to stop polio and protect children from this crippling disease,” he said.

SOURCE:: 263chat via link https://www.263chat.com/zimbabwe-faces-polio-threat/

Rare mutation forces Zim to start emergency polio vaccination drive

on February 22, 2024 in News, Polio

Zimbabwe began an emergency campaign to inoculate more than 4 million children against polio on Tuesday after health authorities detected three cases caused by the rare mutation of the weakened virus used in oral vaccines, including a 10-year-old girl who was paralysed in January.

The health ministry said laboratory tests from samples collected from sewage sites in several areas of the capital, Harare, late last year showed the presence of a mutated polio virus that originated in an oral vaccine used in the global eradication effort.

In rare instances, the live polio virus in vaccines can mutate into a form capable of sparking new outbreaks, especially in places with poor sanitation and low vaccination levels.

The number of polio cases globally has dropped by more than 99% since the global effort to wipe out the disease led by the World Health Organization and others began in 1988.

But the majority of children being paralyzed by polio these days are being crippled by a virus that was originally linked to a vaccine.

Vaccination teams in Zimbabwe are moving from house to house to deliver more doses to protect children, while others will be stationed at health facilities, authorities said.

Officials said it was the first time Zimbabwe would be using a new oral polio vaccine specifically designed to reduce the risk of the virus within it mutating into a dangerous form.

Zimbabwe aims to roll out more than 10 million new vaccine doses targeting just over 4 million children below the age of 10 in two rounds in February and March.

More than 95% of that population needs to be immunised against polio to stop new outbreaks.

Last year, the wild polio virus caused a dozen cases in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the only countries that still have that virus.

In comparison, polio viruses linked to the vaccine caused more than 500 cases in nearly two dozen countries globally, mostly in Africa.

Zimbabwe last reported a wild polio virus case in 1986, according to the United Nations children’s agency.

Zimbabwe Health Minister Douglas Mombeshora called the new detection of polio “a serious concern” but said they were prepared to respond swiftly.

The health ministry said it was collaborating with health authorities in at least five other African countries that had recently detected polio viruses through environmental sampling and routine surveillance.

Polio can cause total paralysis, and children under 5 are especially vulnerable.

It is transmitted from person to person, mainly through contact with contaminated faeces, water or food, as well as through droplets from a sneeze or cough of an infected person.

SOURCE:: The Independent via link https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/zimbabwe-polio-vaccine-vaccination-mutation-b2499409.html

Fresh polio outbreak hits Zim

on February 19, 2024 in News, Polio

GOVERNMENT has confirmed the outbreak of a Type 2 poliovirus variant in the country saying an emergency polio vaccination programme has commenced.

Addressing journalists in Harare yesterday, Health and Child Care deputy minister Sleiman Timios Kwidini said the detection of these viruses in the environment or in humans constitutes a polio outbreak.

“The Health and Child Care ministry wishes to inform the public that it has confirmed through laboratory tests the presence of a Type 2 circulating poliovirus variant in environmental samples that were collected towards the end of 2023 from sewage sites covering Budiriro, Mbare and Mufakose catchments in Harare Metropolitan province,” he said.

“In addition and through intensified poliomyelitis disease surveillance in the country, a similar circulating poliovirus variant has been detected in a 10-year-old child from Sanyati district of Mashonaland West province, who presented to us with acute paralysis and had laboratory tests done for confirmation.”

The country has been on high alert after neighbouring Mozambique and Malawi confirmed polio outbreaks in 2022 and four rounds of vaccination were carried out between October 2022 and October 2023.

“The virus that was detected in these occasions is a rare type of poliovirus that can occur when the weakened live virus in the oral polio vaccine (OPV) mutates over time and becomes able to circulate in the community. Hence it is referred to as circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus -type 2 (CVDPV),” said the deputy minister, while urging a multi-sectoral approach to curb the spread of the disease.

“The ministry would like to reassure the public that they have taken swift action to investigate and contain the outbreak to prevent any further spread that may occur.

“Following the detection, the ministry immediately declared the event to the World Health Organisation as required under international health regulations and instituted emergency response measures.

“These included the activation of a polio incident management system and the appointment of an incident manager for a co-ordinated outbreak response, conducting thorough investigations, intensifying polio surveillance throughout the country and planning for emergency nationwide polio vaccination campaigns to ensure that transmission is stopped rapidly.”

Kwidini announced the commencement of round two of emergency national polio vaccination campaign targeting children below 10 years, scheduled for this and next month.

“The detailed polio risk analysis conducted by the ministry identified the below 10-year-old age group as having a higher risk to these Type 2 polioviruses since vaccines targeting this type were stopped globally in 2015 after global eradication.

“In the planned vaccination campaign, all children below 10 years are being targeted with an initial two rounds of novel oral polio vaccine (nOPV2) to quickly boost their protection from this type of poliovirus,” he said.

The first round is scheduled between February 20 and March 1, while the second round is scheduled between March 19 and 29 across all provinces.

The emergency vaccination campaign, which will be conducted in close collaboration with the Primary and Secondary Education ministry, targets to vaccinate and protect a total of 4 206 013 children in each of the two rounds.

“The vaccines for both round one and two have already been received in country and prepositioned in all provinces and cities. Vaccination will be done through deployment of house-to-house and mobile vaccination teams in addition to vaccination at all health facilities during the campaign days.

“Given the contagious nature of circulating polioviruses and their capacity to evolve over time to a type that causes serious disease and debilitating paralysis, the ministry strongly encourages all parents and caregivers of children to ensure that all children below 10 years of age are vaccinated against polio and protected,” Kwidini said.

Botswana, Burundi, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda and Zambia have also reported polio outbreaks.

“We are collaborating closely with these countries through regular coordination calls and meetings and where feasible we conduct synchronized vaccination campaigns in response to this threat,” Kwidini added.

SOURCE:: NewsDay via link https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200023248/fresh-polio-outbreak-hits-zim

Zim declares polio outbreak, rolling out vaccination programme

on February 19, 2024 in News, Polio

The Zimbabwean government on Friday declared a polio outbreak in the country and announced a rollout of vaccinations starting Feb. 20.

Health and Child Care deputy minister Dr Sleiman Kwidini made the announcement at a media briefing and urged the public not to panic as the government has taken swift action to contain the outbreak.

He said his ministry has done laboratory tests and confirmed the presence of a Type 2 circulating poliovirus variant in environmental samples that were collected toward the end of 2023 from some sewage sites in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe.

A similar variant was also detected in a 10-year-old child in another province.

In both cases, the virus was a rare type that could occur when the weakened live virus in the oral polio vaccine mutated over time and became able to circulate in the community, he said.

“The detection of these viruses in the environment or in humans constitutes a polio outbreak in the country. While the news is concerning, we as a ministry would like to reassure the public that we have taken swift action to investigate and contain the outbreak to prevent any further spread that may occur,” he said.

Kwidini said two rounds of polio vaccinations targeting children below 10 years of age have been scheduled for February and March, with the first round taking place between Feb. 20 and March 1, and the second between March 19 and 29.

“Given the contagious nature of circulating polioviruses and their capacity to evolve over time to a type that causes serious disease and debilitating paralysis, the ministry strongly encourages all parents and caregivers of children to ensure that all children below 10 years of age are vaccinated against polio and protected,” he said.

The minister said several other countries in the region, including Botswana, Zambia, Burundi, Rwanda, Malawi, and Mozambique, have also been affected and are working with Zimbabwe in a bid to control the outbreak.

SOURCE:: newzimbabwe/xinhua via link https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwe-declares-polio-outbreak-rolling-out-vaccination-program/